Facial nerve damage

Facial nerve outlined by the dominant performance of facial muscle movement and intermediate nerve fibers composed of two parts. By the middle nerve sensory and parasympathetic fibers. Facial damage to the site by the brainstem, the base of the skull, facial nerve canal and its remote. For the development of nuclear nerve and central pontine preoptic nucleus and adjacent surface. Facial nerve involves the brainstem lesions accompanied eyes outreach or preoptic composed of cross-paralysis paralysis. Facial nerve damage mainly to the performance of peripheral facial nerve paralysis or hemifacial spasm. Cause pathogenesis of facial nerve damage are common causes of acute non-suppurative facial paralysis, herpes zoster, trauma, tumor, disease, infectious mononucleosis disease, syphilis and otitis media and vascular malformations and vascular reverse oppression. Its etiology and pathogenesis of a close relationship between the incidence of facial paralysis due to the mechanism of neural stem fiber edema, compression and ischemia, trauma, surgery for more oppression and damage caused by surgery. A clinical performance. Facial Paralysis : performance for the expression of disease side muscle weakness, paresis or superficial, not wrinkle for eyebrows, Closed eyes can not be split or dysraphism and try to close their eyes, hemiplegic eyeball rotation to the top, exposing the white sclera, said Bell's phenomenon. Nasolabial lighter side of the disease, numbness of the mouth to sag, cheek was led to the contralateral side, eyes closed, grin, dark cheek, and other movements whistle failure or totally completed. Cheek muscles paralyzed by the Food and easy stranded at the side of the disease between the cheek teeth. With tears point lower eyelid and valgus, tear normal absorption where spills. If aggression and dark beam nerve, there Set 2 / 3 of taste. 2. Hemifacial spasm : hemifacial spasm of the patients after the onset of the middle-aged, slightly more female. Multi-eye from the side, the gradual extension and mouth and all the facial muscles, the less the amount of muscle involvement, will be seriously involved ipsilateral platysma. Paroxysmal, rapid and irregular seizure. Sustained minor convulsion beginning a few seconds, then gradually extend up to 5 minutes or longer, and gradually shorten the time interval. convulsion gradually serious. Ankylosing was serious, not to ipsilateral eye-opener, a neighbor to the ipsilateral serious askew, unable to speak. Neurological examination without positive signs. A differential diagnosis. Facial Paralysis (1) of idiopathic facial paralysis (defined as idiopathic facial) also known as Bell's (Bell) paralysis, referring to unknown reasons, the incidence of acute unilateral facial paralysis around. Performance of major unilateral typical facial paralysis. Disease before ear-catching cold wind history. According to an acute onset and the typical clinical presentation, diagnosis often have no difficulty. (2) acute infection multiple nerve root Yan (acute inflammatory polyrad iculo neuritis) also known as Guillain-Barre (Guillain-Barre) syndrome . Often the facial nerve damage to surrounding facial paralysis, the disease has paralyzed limbs, distal symmetrical and may spread to the trunk. serious cases involving the intercostal rib separated and where respiratory paralysis, sensory dysfunction was type gloves socks. CSF change is typical protein levels, but the number of normal cells, said protein-cell separation. (3) various otitis media, labyrinthitis, such as mastoiditis Otogenic with facial paralysis, But many of the primary disease symptoms and medical history, such as otitis media or earache canal abnormal secretions; labyrinthitis and edema to arise labyrinth vertigo, vomiting, mastoiditis is a partial red, swollen, hot and painful change. (4) acute infectious mononucleosis syndrome (acute infections lymphocyt LPS) In addition to the facial nerve paralysis around, there are systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, anorexia, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly increased. (5) brain injury (craniocerebral injury) after traumatic brain injury to the skull fracture can be Facial paralysis, with a clear history of trauma, facial expression characterized by muscle paralysis, Skull (or skull base) X-ray diagnosis can help. Mastoidectomy easier facial nerve injury, surgery can be diagnosed. (6) tumors (tumors) brainstem and cerebellopontine angle tumor addition to muscle paralysis of facial expression, mainly auditory nerve damage or other cranial nerve involvement Meanwhile, ataxia and made palilledema end, and long beam involvement of the symptoms and signs. ABR, X-ray, CT scan and other tests, which can help the diagnosis. (7) meningitis (cerebral meningitis) are mostly slow onset, having other cranial nerve damage, cerebrospinal fluid examination was found to have more. 2. hemifacial spasm (1) facial palsy (facial paralysis) many peripheral facial paralysis history, with typical clinical presentation, diagnosis is not difficult. (2) trigeminal neuralgia (trigminal neuralgia) of the patients with trigeminal neuralgia may be cited starting reflex facial muscles twitch, a quarrel led to the affected side, and red and tears and drooling, saying painful twitch. Under typical trigeminal neuralgia-easy to identify. (3) tumors with motor neuron disease (tumor and cure for motor neuron disease ) cerebellopontine angle tumors, facial nerve membrane tumor, brain tumor Bridge, medullary syringomyelia, motor neuron disease can cause facial spasm, which are often associated with other cranial nerve involvement or long beam of the symptoms and signs, if necessary, cerebrospinal fluid and brain with Sonic, X-ray, XT, MRI scan and other tests to diagnose.