Esophageal Cancer

Epidemiology of human esophageal cancer is more common malignancy, which is a serious threat to people's lives and health, It is estimated that each year all over the world, about 20 million people died of esophageal cancer. The incidence of esophageal cancer has obvious geographical characteristics, or even adjacent to the two areas, the incidence rate is significantly different. From the world's perspective, the high rate of distribution in Iran, South Africa, Rhodesia and China, and Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asian Israeli incidence of low average, most of the 5 / 10 000. Esophageal cancer in China accounting for various malignancies in the first nine provinces, North China provinces, Sichuan Province and Guangdong Province have a significantly higher than the surrounding areas of high development centers, North China as the main focus of esophageal cancer in the Taihang Mountain areas south of the junction, the incidence rate of over 130 / 100,000. The region is male and female mortality. Not far from the Taihang Mountains and other counties, esophageal cancer mortality rate dropped 2 / 10 000. Guangdong is the highest incidence Nan'ao Island. Sichuan mainly concentrated in the northwest Sichuan Yanting, Langzhong three counties and the southern border area. In addition, Shandong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi and Xinjiang Provinces also the relative concentration of esophageal cancer incidences. has identified more than 20 counties and cities have an average of esophageal cancer mortality over one hundred years / 100,000. Pathology Disease (1) histological features : esophageal mucosa occurred in the basal epithelial cells, the majority of squamous cell carcinoma (95%), originated from esophageal adenocarcinoma were very rare, terminal located in the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma of the cardia cancer more, it can extend invasive esophagus. (2) clinical pathological type 1. Early general pathological types : (a) concealed type : only mild esophageal mucosa or congestive rough, not so easy to recognize the naked eye can only use cytology and biopsy as a diagnosis based on all of carcinoma in situ, for the most of early esophageal cancer. (2) erosive : mucosal surface of a very shallow erosion, shape steers clear demarcation of the boundary, the shape of maps. Poorly differentiated carcinoma, carcinoma in situ and early invasion 5:5, compared with the first type of night. (3) plaque : mucosal surface slightly upwards, all uneven, creases disappear, it seems, ringworm-like skin lesion sizes. - than the later development, in situ for about 1 / 3, early invasion cancer accounts for 2 / 3. (4) papillary type : tumor formation obvious sclerosis, and some, such as nipple, some like short pedicle with the polyp-shaped cavity to the prominent, better differentiation of cancer cells, the majority of early invasion cancer, early cancer is the latest type. 2. Advanced general pathological type : X-ray examination and pathological findings generally will be divided into the following types of esophageal cancer types. (1) medullary type : the most common, accounting for about 60%, often involving esophageal cancer whole floor, and around the cavity to cavity growth, not to create a large mass of tubular rules. (2) mushroom umbrella : about 15%, to the mucosal surface of tumor growth, tumor formation flat, involving the esophagus part of the trail, to the more prominent within the lumen as mushroom-like mushrooms, clear boundary. (3) the ulcer type : about 15%, tumor formation of depressions ulcers, erosion of the esophageal wall. generally do not have serious plug lumen. (4) narrow type : about 10% of cancer forming a ring or short tube-shaped narrow, narrow upper esophageal dilatation. (5) cavity type : very rare, accounting for about 3%, polypoid tumor was to highlight within the esophageal lumen, pedunculated esophageal wall and connected, surface erosion and ulcers, can invade the myometrium. 3. Cardia cancer pathology of the general classification : cardiac anatomy on the stomach is the structure, But cancer occurred when the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer and there are many commonalities, it will also include cardiac cancer esophageal cancer within the narrative. Cardia cancer pathology of the general type is divided into the following categories : (a) cauliflower type : tumor primarily to growth within the lumen. form as "cauliflower" - like mass. (2) diffuse invasion type : tumor invasion wider scope, involving the esophagus and gastric most of the gastric wall thickening, a mucosal erosion. (3) the ulcer type : tumor larger ulcers, often penetrated into adjacent organs. (4) mixed : for more advanced disease, not by the above type.