Frontal lobe syndrome

Outlined in the frontal lobe of the brain before, there are four main brain back, and that is central to the former, for the last time, the amount and the amount went back. Frontal lobe lesions caused mainly by random movement, speech, cranial nerves, autonomic function and spiritual activities such obstacles. Pathology and pathogenesis of traumatic brain affected cranial fossa, anterior, middle cerebral artery branch of the frontal lobe lesions, sinus infection, frontal lobe of pituitary tumor and stroke, the symptoms of frontal lobe may arise. A clinical performance. Cranial nerve palsy : cranial fossa tumor before or limitations arachnoid Yan, the lateral olfactory lesions obstacles, Primary optic atrophy and the preoptic papilledema, as bilateral papilledema, visual side of the disease can be rapidly declining, even completely disappear. 2. Dyskinesia : Irritation frontal lesions appeared on the opposite side, the lower extremities or facial twitch-Jackson's epilepsy; Systemic grand mal epilepsy; paralysis attack. 3. Abnormal reflex : the frontal lobe lesions before exercise, the opposite appeared strong grasp reflex, groping reflection, Dog reflection and early sexual tension there contralateral reflex, the contralateral arm LERI (Leri)'s reflection. 4. Frontal ataxia : frontal lobe lesions, the district appeared at ease with half, running obstacle turned instability, contralateral to the lesion easy dumping. 5. Campaign aphasia : complete motor aphasia, with a total loss of speech, but the pronunciation of the tongue movement and muscle can be good; Some motor aphasia patients can be given a certain language, but poor vocabulary, speech slow and grammatical mistakes, and often make mistakes. 6. Autonomic dysfunction : heart rates, blood pressure and gastrointestinal dysfunction. 7. Mental Disorders : Early obstacles seen in recent memory, no memory still preserved. With the disease progress, much memory loss, and the emergence dullness and lack of concentration. Volatile mood, sexual desire, excitement, irritability frontal lesion characteristics. 8. Agraphia, defied syndrome, stupor State : patients not dictation and automatic writing, writing that is not disease. For there to impose any patients are said to resist moves that defied disease. There is also a state of stupor, patients do not eat is not language, facial expressions often static, right outside stimulate reactions. This state for hours, weeks, months. Differential diagnosis (1) of cerebral arteriosclerosis (cerebral arteriosclerosis) the more disease incidence over the age of 50, was the slow onset of sexual development, Early attention mainly to lax and obvious thing nearly forgotten. This memory can be significantly fluctuations, often suddenly and unexpectedly resumed. Advanced memory, thinking difficulties, speech retardation. Affective disorders, the disease early in the most prominent emotional depression, feelings of advanced sluggish and the strong cry-laugh. Change the character of the performance sensitive, suspicious and paranoia. Some patients with advanced dementia. Neurological examination, fundus artery to small, reflective increase, sending the venous pressure trace crossover phenomenon. CT limitations of low-density areas. Blood cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein should consider increasing the potential for arteriosclerosis. (2) pituitary apoplexy (pituitary apoplexy) Pituitary apoplexy when volume increases, On increasing pressure, oppression bottom of the frontal lobe, there optic nerve, optic chiasm of the limbs, may also arise III, IV, VI cranial nerve palsy. When oppression hypothalamus, the disturbance of consciousness was observed. (3) frontal abscess (frontal sbscess) secondary to many other parts of the infected lesion, more febrile history of rapid onset. Peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid examination, polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased. Except forehead pain, vomiting, edema, as milk nipple, often slow pulse. Hypertension and widened pulse pressure, respiration slows down, psychiatric symptoms, often for the earliest memory loss, In particular, in recent memory, or diminish the loss, and much memory preservation, lesions increased distance memory disappeared. Personality changes to display more irritability, euphoric and naive behavior. These spirits with the incidence rate is 60%. Frontal lobe epilepsy abscess also common symptoms. Systemic large number of seizures, epilepsy may also be limitations systemic evolution of epilepsy. Language barrier is only by understanding the performance of the capacity of speech, the speech has completely lost the ability, to a lesser extent, his speech slow and difficult, speech standstill, prime eating. A strong grip side reflex reflector and groping for frontal lesions important features. (4) frontal lobe tumors (frontal tumor) Except headache, vomiting, palilledema increased intracranial pressure and other symptoms, the frontal lobe tumor can induce psychotic symptoms. Such symptoms earlier, the incidence of high. The main obstacles to the performance of memory and personality changes. Early symptoms often do not focus our attention, memory and understanding receded, is also decreased significantly in recent memory. distant memory preservation, but with the progress of the disease, and comprehensive thinking ability diminishes, right there, locations of orientation obstacles. Personality changes for the main obstacles to intelligent, dullness. Epilepsy often the first symptom, and 4 / 5 is no indication of grand mal epilepsy. Tumor at or near the bottom of the amount, oppression olfactory nerve and can lead to loss of the sense of smell. The medial frontal lobe tumors, urinary incontinence or urgency of urination. Tumor volume, the sophistication of the senior movement disorders, embroidery, nailing consecutive incoordination and speech and behavior disconnection. Frontal lobe tumor, the lesion and the contralateral abdominal cremaster reflex weakened or disappeared, while there ankylosing plantar flexion reflex. (5) intracranial parasitic diseases (intracranial parasitosis) frontal parasites Disease often epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms, but according to epidemiology, history of exposure to parasites, and other parts of the body parasites exist, positive skin tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid test-binding inspection, it is not difficult to diagnosis. (6) pituitary tumors (pituitary tumor) was particularly prevalent in adults, The main symptoms of pituitary dysfunction. Headache, primary optic atrophy, double-temporal hemianopsia. Pass to tumor development, there may be psychiatric symptoms, seizures. Impact within the tumor capsule or oppression anterior cerebral artery, the artery affect blood circulation, either hemiplegia. (7) subdural hematoma (subdural hematoma) frontal subdural hematoma found in any year TSE, the more obvious symptoms, a small number of patients to have seizures. More significant history of trauma, injury or shortly after the month increased intracranial pressure symptoms, signs not obvious limitations. Carotid angiography, in places like the before and after, the anterior cerebral artery to the contralateral radial displacement, MCA medial under pressure to a varying degree shift, Visibility and vascular skull with a partitioned within a half months from avascular zone.